Keywords
rehabilitation
early rehabilitation intervention
early intensive mobilization
How to Cite
Abstract
Introduction: the relevance of determining the effectiveness of early rehabilitation of patients after an ischemic stroke is high, as it solves a number of important medical and social problems of society.
The aim: to determine the possibilities and effectiveness of early rehabilitation of patients after an ischemic stroke according to the data of literary sources.
Materials and methods: the research was conducted based on the results of the analysis of the world results of scientific research and the existing mechanisms and documents of international societies for determining the possibilities and effectiveness of early rehabilitation of patients after an ischemic stroke. The search for scientific information was performed using domestic and foreign Internet resources of Google Scholar, PubMed, Medscape, Scopus and Web of Science databases, etc.
The results of the study: It was determined that the primary and quite effective measure in the treatment of patients after an ischemic stroke is the early start of rehabilitation measures, which improves the survival of brain cells due to an increase in cerebral blood flow, which reduces ischemic necrosis of neurons and revitalizes part of neurons and significantly reduces the post-stroke level disability of patients. It was established that a significant yet undetermined issue in early rehabilitation is the effectiveness of early mobilization and its intensity, and the effectiveness of the rehabilitation strategy is entirely based on the correct combination of the time from the onset of the stroke and the intensity of mobilization
Conclusions: the study determined that early rehabilitation intervention in ischemic stroke is significantly effective and economically feasible, and the effectiveness and feasibility of early intensive mobilization is currently a rather controversial issue.
References
Barthels, D., Das, H. (2020). Current advances in ischemic stroke research and therapies. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease, 1866 (4), 165260. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.09.012.
Feng, Y. Q., Xu, Z.-Z., Wang, Y.-T., Xiong, Y., Xie, W., He Y.-Y., Wu, Q. (2022). Targeting C-C Chemokine Receptor 5: Key to Opening the Neurorehabilitation Window After Ischemic Stroke. Front. Cell. Neurosci, 28 (16), 876342. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2022.876342.
Skoryatina, I. A., Zavalishina S. Yu. (2017). Ability to aggregation of basic regular blood elements of patients with hypertension anddyslipidemia receiving non-medication andsimvastatin. Bali Medical J., 6 (3), 514–520. doi: 10.15562/bmj.v6i3.553.
Phipps, M. S., Cronin, C. A. (2020). Management of acute ischemic stroke. BMJ, 368, l6983. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l6983.
Chugh, C. (2019). Acute Ischemic Stroke: Management Approach. Indian J. Crit. Care Med., 23 (2), S140-S146. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23192.
Farokhi-Sisakht, F., Farhoudi, M., Sadigh-Eteghad, S., Mahmoudi, J., Mohaddes, G. (2019). Cognitive Rehabilitation Improves Ischemic Stroke-Induced Cognitive Impairment: Role of Growth Factors. J. of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 28 (10), 104299. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.07.015.
Feigin, V. L., Forouzanfar, M. H., Krishnamurthi, Mensah, G. A., Connor, M., Bennett, D. A., & Murray, C. (2010). Global and regional burden of stroke during 1990–2010: Findings from the global burden of disease study. Lancet, 383, 245-255. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61953-4.
Yang, Y., Shi, Y.-Z., Zhang, N., Wang, S., Ungvari, G. S., Ng, C. H., & Xiang, Y.-T. (2016). The disability rate of 5-year post-stroke and its correlation factors: A national survey in China. PLoS One, 11, e0165341. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165341.
Wondergem, R., Pisters, M. F., Wouters, E. J., Olthof, N., de Bie, R. A., Visser-Meily, J. M. A., Veenhof, C. (2017). The course of activities in daily living: Who is at risk for decline after first ever stroke. Cerebrovasc. Dis., 43, 1-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1159/000451034.
GBD 2016 DALYs and HALE Collaborators. (2017). Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 333 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet, 390, 1260-1344.
GBD 2016 Causes of Death Collaborators. (2017). Global, regional, and national age-sex specific mortality for 264 causes of death, 1980–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet, 16 (390), 1151-1210. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32152-9.
GBD 2016 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. (2017). Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet, 16 (390), 1211-1259. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32154-2.
Erler, K. S., Sullivan, V., Mckinnon, S., Inzana, R. (2019). Social Support as a Predictor of Community Participation After Stroke. Frontiers in Neurology, 10, 1013. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01013.
Saadatnia, M., Shahnazi, H., Khorvash, F., Esteki-Ghashghaei, F. (2020). The Impact of Home-Based Exercise Rehabilitation on Functional Capacity in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Home Health Care Management & Practice, 32 (3), 141-147. doi: 10.1177/1084822319895982.
Housley, S. N., Garlow, A. R., Ducote, K., Howard, A., Thomas, T., Wu, D., & Butle, A. J. (2016). Increasing Access to Cost Effective Home-Based Rehabilitation for Rural Veteran Stroke Survivors. Austin. J. Cerebrovasc. Dis. Stroke, 25 (3), 1-11.
Benjamin, E. J., Blaha, M. J., Chiuve, S. E., Cushman, M., Das, S. R., Deo, R., & Muntner P. (2017). American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2017 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation, 7 (135), e146-e603. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000485.
Yousufuddin, M., Young, N. (2019). Aging and ischemic stroke. Aging (Albany NY), 1 (11), 2542-2544. doi: 10.18632/aging.101931.
William, J. P. (2020). Acute Ischemic Stroke. N. Engl. J. Med., 383, 252-260. doi: 10.1056/NEJMcp1917030.
Benjamin, E. J., Virani, S. S., Callaway, C. W., Chamberlain, A. M., Chang, A. R., Cheng, S., & Muntner, P. (2018). Heart disease and stroke statistics-2018 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 137, e67. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000573.
Nakayama, Y., Iijima, S., Kakuda, W., Abo, M. J. (2016). Effect of home-based training using a slant board with dorsiflexed ankles on walking function in post-stroke hemiparetic patients. Phys. Ther. Sci., 28 (8), 2353-2357. doi: 10.1589/jpts.28.2353.
Farzadfard, M. T., Andalibi, M. S. S., Thrift, A. G., Morovatdar, N., Stranges, S., Amiri, A., & Azarpazhooh, M. R. (2019). Long-term disability after stroke in Iran: Evidence from the Mashhad Stroke Incidence Study. Int. J. Stroke, 14 (1), 44-47. doi: 10.1177/1747493018789839.
Liu, L. L., Lu, Y. Q. (2021). Effects of Different Intervention Time Points of Early Rehabilitation on Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Single-Center, Randomized Control Study. BioMed. Research International, 2021, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1940549.
Medvedev, I. N. (2019). Place and Possibilities of the Robotic System Lokomat in the Rehabilitation of Patients After Ischemic Stroke. Biomedical & Pharmacology J., 12 (1), 131-140. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/1621.
Tong, Y., Cheng, Z., Rajah, G. B., Duan, H., Cai1, L., Zhang, N., & Ding, Y. (2019). High Intensity Physical Rehabilitation Later Than 24 h Post Stroke Is Beneficial in Patients: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) Study in Mild to Moderate Ischemic Stroke. Frontiers in Neurology, 10. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00113.
Feigin, V. L., Nguyen, G., Cercy, K., Johnson, C. O., Alam, T., Parmar, P. G., & Roth, G. A. (2016). GBD 2016 Lifetime Risk of Stroke Collaborators. Global, Regional, and Country-Specific Lifetime Risks of Stroke, 1990 and 2016. N. Engl. J. Med., 20 (379), 2429-2437. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1804492.
Murie-Fernández, M., Irimia, P., Martínez-Vila, E., Meyer, M. J., Teasell, R. (2010). Neuro-rehabilitation after stroke. Neurología (English Edition). Neurología (English Edition), 25 (3), 189-196. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2173-5808(10)70036-5.
Li, M., Xu, G., Xie, J., Chen, C. (2018). A review: motor rehabilitation after stroke with control based on human intent. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. H., 232, 344-360. doi: 10.1177/0954411918755828.
Feigin, V. L., Roth, G. A., Naghavi, M., Parmar, P., Krishnamurthi, R, Chugh, S., & Forouzanfar, M. H. (2016). Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors Study 2013 and Stroke Experts Writing Group. Global burden of stroke and risk factors in 188 countries, during 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet Neurol., 15 (9), 913-924. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(16)30073-4.
Yoshimura, Y., Wakabayashi, H., Momosaki, R., Nagano, F., Shimazu, S., Shiraishi, A. (2020). Shorter Interval between Onset and Admission to Convalescent Rehabilitation Wards Is Associated with Improved Outcomes in Ischemic Stroke Patients. Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 252, 15-22. doi: 10.1620/tjem.252.15.
Langhorne, P., Baylan, S. (2017). Early supported discharge services for people with acute stroke. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD000443.pub4.
Bernhardt, J., Godecke, E., Johnson, L., Langhorne, P. (2017). Early rehabilitation after stroke. Curr. Opin. Neurol., 30, 48-54. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/WCO.0000000000000404.
Benjamin, E. J., Muntner, P., Alonso, A., Bittencourt, M. S., Callaway, C. W., Carson, A. P., & Virani, S. S. (2019). Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2019 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation, 5 (139), e56–e528. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000659.
Virani, S. S., Alonso, A., Aparicio, H. J., Benjamin, E. J., Bittencourt, M. S., Callaway, C. W., & Tsao, C. W. (2021). Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2021 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation, 23 (143), e254-e743. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000950.
Glagoleva, T. I., Zavalishina, S. Yu. (2017). Aggregation of Basic Regular Blood Elements in Calves during the Milk-feeding Phase. Annual Research & Review in Biology, 17 (1), 1-7. doi: 10.9734/ARRB/2017/34380.
Skoryatina, I. A., Zavalishina, S., Makurina, O., Mal, G. S., Gamolina, O. V. (2017). Some aspects of Treatment of Patients having Dislipidemia on the Background of Hypertension. Prensa Med. Argent., 103, 3. doi: 10.4172/lpma.1000250.
Robertson, A. D., Marzolini, S., Middleton, L. E., Basile, V. S., Oh, P. I., MacIntosh, B. J. (2017). Exercise training increases parietal lobe cerebral blood flow in chronic stroke: an observational study. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 29, 1-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2017.00318.
Yagi, M., Yasunaga, H., Matsui, H., Morita, K., Fushimi, K., Fujimoto, M., & Fujitani, J. (2017). Impact of rehabilitation on outcomes in patients with ischemic stroke: a nationwide retrospective cohort study in Japan. Stroke, 48 (3), 740-746. doi: https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.015147.
Zhang, M., Wang, Q., Jiang, Y., Shi, H., Peng, T., Wang, M. (2021). Optimization of early mobilization program for patients with acute ischemic stroke: an orthogonal design. Frontiers in Neurology, 12. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.645811.
Lee, K. B., Lim, S. H., Kim, K. H., Kim, K. J., Kim, Y. R., Chang, W. N., & Hwang, B. Y. (2015). Six-month functional recovery of stroke patients: A multi-time-point study. Int. Rehabil. Res., 38, 173-180. doi: 10.1097/MRR.0000000000000108.
Waddell, K. J., Tabak, R. G., Strube, M. J., Haire-Joshu, D., Lang, C. E. (2019). Belief, Confidence, and Motivation to Use the Paretic Upper Limb in Daily Life Over the First 24 Weeks After Stroke. J. Neurol. Phys. Ther., 43 (4), 197-203. doi: 10.1097/NPT.0000000000000287.
Durán-Laforet, V., Fernández-López, D., García-Culebras, A., González-Hijón, J., Moraga, A., Palma-Tortosa, S., Moro, M. Á. (2019). Delayed Effects of Acute Reperfusion on Vascular Remodeling and Late-Phase Functional Recovery After Stroke. Front. Neurosci, 23 (13), 767. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00767.
Langhorne, P., Wu, O., Rodgers, H., Ashburn, A., Bernhardt, J. (2017). A very early rehabilitation trial after stroke (AVERT): A phase III, multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Health Technol. Assess., 21, 1-120. doi: 10.3310/hta21540.
Skoryatina, I. A., Zavalishina, S. Yu. (2017). A Study of the Early Disturbances in Vascular Hemostasis in Experimentally Induced Metabolic Syndrome. Annual Research & Review in Biology, 15 (6), 1-9. doi: 10.9734/ARRB/2017/34936.
Liu, N., Cadilhac, D. A., Andrew, N. E., Zeng, L., Li, Z., Li, J., & Wang, J. (2014). Randomized controlled trial of early rehabilitation after intracerebral hemorrhage stroke: difference in outcomes within 6 months of stroke. Stroke, 45 (12), 3502-3507. doi: https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.005661.
Powers, W. J., Rabinstein, A. A., Ackerson, T., Adeoye, O. M., Bambakidis, N. C., Becker, K., Tirschwell, D. L. (2019). Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: 2019 update to the 2018 guidelines for the early management of acute ischemic stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke, 50 (12), e344-e418. doi: https://doi.org/10.1161/STR.0000000000000211.
Furie, K. L., Jayaraman, M. V. (2018). 2018 guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke. Stroke, 49, 509-510. doi: https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.118.020176.
Stokowska, A., Atkins, A. L., Morán, J., Pekny, T., Bulmer, L., Pascoe, M. C., & Pekna, M. (2017). Complement peptide C3a stimulates neural plasticity after experimental brain ischaemia. Brain, 140 (2), 353-369. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/aww314.
Pekny, M., Wilhelmsson, U., Tatlisumak, T., Pekna, M. (2018). Astrocyte activation and reactive gliosis-a new target in stroke? Neuroscience Letters, 689, 45-55. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/glia.20207.
Liu, X.-H., Bi, H.-Y., Cao, J., Ren, S., Yue, S.-W. (2019). Early constraint-induced movement therapy affects behavior and neuronal plasticity in ischemia-injured rat brains. Neural. Regeneration Research., 14 (5), 775-782. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.249225.
Powers, W. J., Rabinstein, A. A., Ackerson, T., Adeoye, O. M., Bambakidis, N. C., Becker, K., & Tirschwell, D. L. (2018). Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the american heart association/american stroke association. Stroke, 49, e46-110. doi: 10.1161/STR.0000000000000158.
Gittler, M., Davis, A. M. (2018). Guidelines for adult stroke rehabilitation and recovery. JAMA, 319, 820. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.22036.
Chippala, P., Sharma, R. (2016). Effect of very early mobilisation on functional status in patients with acute stroke: a single-blind, randomized controlled trail. Clin. Rehabil., 30, 669-675. doi: 10.1177/0269215515596054.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.